The conditions that led to the social outbreak of 2019 and its political channeling through a democratic constituent process are related to demands for greater social protection and inclusion embodied in the government program of the I Approve Dignity coalition (Broad Front and Communist Party). The maintenance of the institutional " locks " of the 1980 Constitution and the start of new negotiations from scratch to be able to modify it impose concrete obstacles to the development of policies to advance in social justice and reduction of inequality.
On the other hand, the constitutional plebiscite measured not only the support for the proposed new Constitution, but also for the government , whose popularity had been declining. Several factors influenced the rejection of the text of the new Constitution : the vote to special data the Constitutional Convention, perceived as a new elite; the sometimes intemperate tone of the debate; the discrediting of the constituent body fueled by its fragmentation and various scandals; the underrepresentation of the right in the conclave, which did not reflect its presence in society; the fear of change and an eventual weakening of property rights or traditions in the new institutional setting, a discourse amplified by a communication campaign that included not a few fake news.
Mandatory voting was also decisive agreed only for that election, and which for the first time added 4.7 million people who, in their vast majority, were inclined to reject the text. The fact is that, while in the October 2020 plebiscite, 78% approved the constituent process, this time 62% rejected the proposal, in an electoral universe that increased from 51% to 86% of a register of 15 million people as a result of the obligation to vote. The Rejection campaign, however, was not based on maintaining the 1980 Constitution, but on a new constitutional process to elaborate a "better" Constitution, with the slogan " one that unites us ", which contributed to the even greater fall of the percentage of approval.
